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- WORLD, Page 59CAMBODIAOne Step Out of a Nightmare
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- Sihanouk comes home, bringing with him frail hopes that a U.N.-
- monitored peace might end his country's tragedy
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- By JAMES WALSH -- Reported by Richard Hornik/Phnom Penh
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- A man quick to laughter and tears, Prince Norodom
- Sihanouk was bursting with both. An Air China jetliner from
- Beijing had just brought him home to Phnom Penh after a tortuous
- personal odyssey of nearly 13 years. For all the flag waving and
- jasmine petals that greeted him, though, the return last week
- of Cambodia's exiled former head of state brought no certain end
- to his homeland's generation-long nightmare. The Sino-Soviet
- rivalry that had helped drive Cambodia's civil war may be
- history. U.N. troops and officials may have arrived to help
- restore peace. But the seeds of further ordeals remained strewn
- everywhere in Sihanouk's tragic country.
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- Under the auspices of a U.N.-brokered settlement, the
- Prince has returned to lead a transitional Supreme National
- Council composed of Cambodia's four warring factions. It
- includes, by necessity, Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, whose
- Maoist-inspired ideology had devastated the country from 1975
- to 1979 and resulted in more than 1 million deaths. Sihanouk on
- his return called for an international trial of Khmer Rouge
- leaders on charges of genocide -- which poses a stern test for
- even his powers of adaptability, since those same leaders will
- sit on the council he is to head.
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- The Paris agreement signed on Oct. 23 calls for the
- council to assume authority over international relations, but
- actual day-to-day government will remain in the hands of Hun
- Sen's Vietnamese-installed regime, pending elections some time
- in the next 18 months. Said a Soviet diplomat: "This settlement
- was drafted by a bunch of vice foreign ministers who have never
- been to Cambodia."
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- The legacy of 20 years of warfare is explosive. Land mines
- dot the countryside like rice seedlings, and fighting forces
- remain heavily armed. U.N. troops may eventually demobilize
- regular units, but retrieving militia weapons will be harder.
- Banditry has been rising since a cease-fire took effect last
- May. A superficial boom in the capital conceals a generally
- wretched standard of living in the provinces. Major highways can
- suddenly dissolve into swamps, and 80% of bridges are patched-up
- affairs.
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- The U.N.'s peace-monitoring troops, which perhaps will
- number 10,000 in all, are to arrive in full force early next
- year; until then, just 268 soldiers and civilian officials will
- be on hand. Their limited mandate -- training Cambodians for
- mine-clearing operations, for example -- makes them little more
- than window dressing.
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- Meanwhile, some rural Cambodians will probably remain
- susceptible to Khmer Rouge populist appeals as Pol Pot's men
- cultivate votes. Their propaganda, though crude, can be
- effective. Near an abandoned pagoda about 50 miles northeast of
- Phnom Penh, a wall is inscribed with the caricature of an urban
- intellectual. His fat tongue bears the message, THE RICH MAN HAS
- POWER. THE POOR ARE SCARED.
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- Even if Pol Pot's candidates get only 20% of the vote, it
- would be enough to re-establish them as a legitimate political
- force, able to disrupt the government from within. The Prince
- may have come home, but jasmine petals cannot quite hide the
- smell of dangers ahead.
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